Type II Water (Ultrapure water)
Methods of Water Purification
Step 1) Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis is a molecular filtering technique in which water is
pushed through a semipermeable membrane. Organic molecules,
bacteria, other particulate debris, and 90 % to 97% of all ionized
and dissolved minerals are removed by the membrane.
Step 2) Ion Exchange
Ion exchange is a method of removing ions from water to generate
deionized water. Deionization is achieved by resin polymers that
exchange hydrogen (H+) and oxygen hydrogen (OH) ions for the
contaminants present in the ionized state of the water. Cation
exchanger and anion exchanger can produce water with a specific
resistance of more than 10 MΩ/cm.
Step 3) Ultraviolet photo-oxidation
UV photo-oxidation with wavelengths of 254 nm can disrupts the
DNA of live bacteria to reduce microbial content below 1 CFU/L .
In addition, photo-oxidation of organic molecules lowers the total
organic content (TOC) below 50 ppb.
ASTM Standards of Type II Water
Measurenent (Unit) | |
---|---|
Resistivity (MΩ.cm) | > 1 |
Conductivity (μS/cm) | <1 |
pH at 25 oC | N/A |
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (ppb) | <50 |
Sodium (ppb) | <5 |
Chloride (ppb) | <5 |
Silica (ppb) | <3 |
Applications
Version ANA
- General laboratory applications requiring higher ionic purity
- Buffer make up
- Media production
- Sample dilution and reagent preparation
- General Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
- Flame atomic absorbion spectrophotometer (FAAS)
- UV-VIS Spectrophotometry
- Protein Electrophoresis
- Cytology & Histology
- Glassware Washing & Rinsing
Acropore Type II Water Specification
Measurenebt | |
---|---|
Resistivity (MΩ.cm) | > 10 |
Conductivity (μS/cm) | <0.1 |
pH at 25 oC | N/A |
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (ppb) | <30 |
Sodium (ppb) | <5 |
Chloride (ppb) | <5 |
Silica (ppb) | <3 |
Microbial content (CFU/L) | <1 |
Ordering Inforamation
Description | Part number |
---|---|
Deionized water, 2L plastic bottle | DIW-2 |
Deionized water, 5L plastic bottle | DIW-5 |
Deionized water, 10L plastic bottle | DIW-10 |